📦 deps(thirdparty): update snapshots
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---
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name: android-ui-journey-testing
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description: "XML-specified Android UI journey testing, interactive step execution, assertion verification, and JSON outcome reporting."
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category: testing
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risk: critical
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source: self
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source_type: self
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date_added: "2026-06-18"
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author: Owais
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tags: [android, journey-testing, ui-verification, testing, adb, automation]
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tools: [claude, cursor, gemini, antigravity]
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---
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# Android UI Journey Testing
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## Overview
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This skill outlines the standard workflow for running XML-specified User Journey tests on Android applications. A "journey" is a sequenced set of user actions and state assertions designed to verify end-to-end functionality. The journey XML acts as the source of truth for the app's behavior. The executor proceeds sequentially, performing UI interactions, checking state assertions, and writing a standardized JSON outcome report.
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## When to Use
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- Use when evaluating an Android application's UI behavior against an XML test specification.
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- Use when automating multi-step user flows (e.g., login, checkout, navigation) and verifying expectations.
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- Use when running verification tests and generating standardized JSON test reports.
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- Use when debugging application flows on physical devices or emulators using ADB commands.
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## How It Works
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```mermaid
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graph TD
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A[Parse Journey XML] --> B[Execute Action / Interaction]
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B --> C{Success?}
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C -- Yes --> D[Verify State Expectation / Assertion]
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C -- No/Crash --> G[Mark FAILED & Exit]
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D -- Passed --> E{More Steps?}
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D -- Failed --> G
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E -- Yes --> B
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E -- No --> F[Output JSON Summary]
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```
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### Step 1: Parse the Journey Specification
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Read and parse the XML test suite structure. The root node `<journey>` defines the test case name, and the `<actions>` block contains the sequence of test steps.
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```xml
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<journey name="Search and Cart Flow">
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<description>Verify that searching for an item and adding it to the cart succeeds.</description>
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<actions>
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<action>Search for soda</action>
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<action>Tap the first search result</action>
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<action>Verify that the product detail screen is shown</action>
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</actions>
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</journey>
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```
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### Step 2: Sequential Step Evaluation
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Process each `<action>` element in the exact order specified. Test steps are classified into two groups:
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#### A. Interactive Actions (Taps, Swipes, Text Input)
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Perform the physical UI interaction using ADB.
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- **Tapping**: Tap the center of the target element's bounds:
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```bash
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adb shell input tap <x> <y>
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```
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- **Swiping/Scrolling**: Swipe from coordinate to coordinate with a duration:
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```bash
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adb shell input swipe <x1> <y1> <x2> <y2> <duration_ms>
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```
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- **Text Typing**: Type text into the active input field:
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```bash
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adb shell input text "<string>"
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```
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If the element is missing or the action cannot be performed, the action and the journey fail.
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#### B. State Assertions (Expectation Verification)
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Steps beginning with "verify", "check", or "ensure" represent state assertions.
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- Inspect the current screen (using screenshots or `uiautomator dump`) without interacting or scrolling.
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- Confirm all sub-assertions are met. For example, *"Verify that the app is on the Home screen and the logo is visible"* fails if the home screen is not displayed **or** the logo is missing.
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### Step 3: Handle Failures and Crashes
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If the application crashes, exits, freezes, or fails an assertion:
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1. Immediately stop journey execution.
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2. Mark the failed step as `FAILED`.
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3. Mark any subsequent steps as `SKIPPED`.
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4. Document the exact reason for failure.
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### Step 4: Generate JSON Report
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Format the execution results into a standardized JSON schema and write it to the output log.
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---
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## Examples
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### Example 1: Full Journey XML Specification
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```xml
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<journey name="Login and Profile Edit">
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<description>Logs into the app, navigates to settings, and changes user profile information.</description>
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<actions>
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<action>Verify that the username input field is visible</action>
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<action>Tap the username input field</action>
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<action>Type "testuser" into the input</action>
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<action>Tap the password input field</action>
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<action>Type "password123" into the input</action>
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<action>Tap the "Login" button</action>
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<action>Verify that the Home dashboard is visible and user profile photo is shown</action>
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</actions>
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</journey>
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```
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### Example 2: Standard JSON Outcome Report
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```json
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{
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"journey": "Login and Profile Edit",
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"results": [
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{
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"action": "Verify that the username input field is visible",
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"status": "PASSED",
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"commands": [],
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"comment": "Username input detected at bounds [100,200][980,300] via UI dump."
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},
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{
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"action": "Tap the username input field",
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"status": "PASSED",
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"commands": [
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"adb shell input tap 540 250"
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],
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"comment": "Tapped center coordinates of username input."
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},
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{
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"action": "Type \"testuser\" into the input",
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"status": "PASSED",
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"commands": [
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"adb shell input text \"testuser\""
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],
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"comment": "Username typed successfully."
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},
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{
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"action": "Tap the password input field",
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"status": "PASSED",
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"commands": [
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"adb shell input tap 540 370"
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],
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"comment": "Tapped center of password input."
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},
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{
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"action": "Type \"password123\" into the input",
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"status": "PASSED",
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"commands": [
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"adb shell input text \"password123\""
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],
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"comment": "Password typed successfully."
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},
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{
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"action": "Tap the \"Login\" button",
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"status": "PASSED",
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"commands": [
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"adb shell input tap 540 500"
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],
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"comment": "Login button clicked."
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},
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{
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"action": "Verify that the Home dashboard is visible and user profile photo is shown",
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"status": "FAILED",
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"commands": [],
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"comment": "Dashboard loaded but profile photo was missing from the UI header."
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}
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]
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}
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```
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---
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## Best Practices
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- ✅ **Calculate Centers for Taps**: When parsing element bounds like `[x1,y1][x2,y2]`, always compute the middle coordinate:
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$$x_{center} = \frac{x_1 + x_2}{2}, \quad y_{center} = \frac{y_1 + y_2}{2}$$
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- ✅ **Include Sleep Buffers**: Always add a short delay (e.g., 1-2 seconds) after interactive actions (like button taps) to let layouts and transitions render before executing assertions.
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- ✅ **Fail Fast**: Stop the test immediately upon encountering the first failure. Continuing after a failure leads to invalid results.
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- ✅ **Log Precise Commands**: Include every raw command (such as `adb shell input tap`) in the JSON output list for diagnostics.
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## Limitations
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- The parser only evaluates the static screen hierarchy (e.g. `uiautomator dump`). Elements that require scrolling are marked as not visible unless a scrolling action is explicitly performed.
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- Non-standard UI components (like custom OpenGL canvas views) cannot be read via standard accessibility trees and may require screenshot analysis or hardcoded click maps.
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- Key events and text typing via ADB do not trigger standard soft keyboard events on all emulator images, which can lead to input validation issues.
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## Related Skills
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- `@android-cli` - General CLI tool syntax, package install, and device queries.
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- `@android_ui_verification` - Direct ADB script templates for general UI checks.
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