- flag weak candidates (no intent/heading/identifier/tag hit) and exit 2 when every candidate is weak: mis-hits used to be indistinguishable from real hits, so the retry-with-better-terms loop never fired - accept multiple ids per --section for batch fetch, failing atomically on any unknown id so a partial fetch cannot pass as complete - move query synonyms and page intent aliases to data/lexicon.json and enforce alias/page correspondence in --check; curation data no longer lives in the engine - document the weak-hit rule, batch fetch and prelude-once guidance in SKILL.md, with curation discipline in data/README.md - drop 11_pitfalls.md, renumber the trailing pages and spread retrieval tags across topics; lexicon keys are page filenames, so the renumbering and the new --check rule cannot land in separate commits
951 lines
27 KiB
Markdown
951 lines
27 KiB
Markdown
# TSL TS-SQL
|
||
|
||
这一篇是 TS-SQL 的唯一语法入口:内存数组查询、返回形态、字段访问、`where` / `group by` / `order by`、一维数组查询、多表 `join`(含 `left join`)、`insert` / `update` / `delete` 写回、`thisGroup`、`thisRowIndex`、`refMaxOf` / `refMinOf` 都在这里收拢。
|
||
|
||
## 本篇职责
|
||
|
||
回答“写 TS-SQL 查询和写回时,怎样从最小 `select ... from ... end` 骨架开始,逐步处理筛选、分组、排序、多表联接(含 LEFT JOIN)、组内子查询、极值引用,以及如何用 `insert`/`update`/`delete` 修改内存数组”。
|
||
|
||
## 核心规则
|
||
|
||
- TS-SQL 是 TSL 自带的类 SQL 查询语法,不是金融业务函数库。
|
||
- 基础查询文档骨架是:以 `select` / `sselect` / `vselect` / `mselect` 开始,以 `end` 收尾。
|
||
- `from` 后面可以直接跟内存数组结果集。
|
||
- 在内存二维结果集上,文档字段访问写法是 `["字段名"]`;列没有名字(如直接来自数组)时用位置下标 `[0]`、`[1]` 访问。
|
||
- 在一维数组上做 TS-SQL 时,优先使用 `thisRow` 和 `thisRowIndex`。
|
||
- `select` 返回二维结果,`sselect` 返回一维结果,`vselect` 返回单值,`mselect` 返回 `Matrix`。
|
||
- `where`、`group by`、`order by` 可以直接接在 `from` 后面继续使用;`order by` 支持 `asc`/`desc` 与多列逗号分隔。
|
||
- 分组后按聚集条件筛选用 `having`(`where` 不能用聚集);`having` 里用 `countof([字段])` 或 `countof(1)`,不要用 `countof(*)`。
|
||
- 多表 `join` 时,字段访问应写成 `[表序号].["字段名"]`;`on` 可用 `and` 写多条件;`[表序号].*` 取整表列。
|
||
- 联接类型:`left join` 保留左表、`right join` 保留右表、`full join` 保留双方、`cross join` 笛卡尔积、逗号联接等价于 `cross join`;不匹配处用 `nil` 填充。
|
||
- `select` 列表支持 `distinct` 去重、`as 别名`、`as nil`(参与计算但不返回)、`起始列 to 结束列` 字段区间、`selectopt(位选项)`、`drange(区间/M of N)`。
|
||
- 聚集函数统一形态 `Func(Expr[, Cond[, N[, MovingFirst[, CacheId]]]])`:条件聚集、移动聚集、多字段聚集、`refof(Expr, N)` 引用相对行;`aggof('名', Expr)` 调用自定义聚集回调。
|
||
- `thisGroup` 不是普通值,而是分组后的子结果集;要通过子 `select` / `vselect` 的 `from thisGroup` 来访问。
|
||
- `thisRowIndex` 在 `order by` 之后仍可返回原始行位置;`thisOrder` 返回排序后的自然排名。
|
||
- `refMaxOf(...)` 和 `refMinOf(...)` 可与 `maxOf(...)` / `minOf(...)` 配合,取极值所在行的另一列值。
|
||
- `[@字段]` 返回该字段的数据类型字符串。
|
||
- 写回语句 `insert` / `update` / `delete` 直接修改原内存数组,不返回新数组。
|
||
- 访问金融表、时间序列或业务数据源时,语法和业务语义要分开看;本页只讲语言层查询骨架。
|
||
|
||
## 可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
### 最小查询骨架
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 怎么写查询, 最简 select, 查数组, 内存表查询 -->
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
source_rows := array(
|
||
("A": 1, "B": 3),
|
||
("A": 2, "B": 1)
|
||
);
|
||
query_result := select * from source_rows end;
|
||
writeLn(length(query_result));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
结果说明:
|
||
|
||
- `query_result` 的长度是 `2`
|
||
- 两行依次是 `(1,3)`、`(2,1)`
|
||
- 说明 TS-SQL 的最短可靠入口就是“准备结果集,然后 `select ... from source_rows end`”
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 字段选择
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 选哪些列, 只取部分字段, 指定列, 输出字段 -->
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
source_rows := array(
|
||
("A": 1, "B": 3),
|
||
("A": 2, "B": 1),
|
||
("A": 1, "B": 2)
|
||
);
|
||
query_result := select ["A"], ["B"] from source_rows end;
|
||
writeLn(length(query_result));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
结果说明:
|
||
|
||
- `query_result` 的长度是 `3`
|
||
- 三行依次是 `(1,3)`、`(2,1)`、`(1,2)`
|
||
- 说明 `select ["A"], ["B"] from source_rows end` 会按原顺序返回二维结果集
|
||
|
||
### 四个查询入口怎样分工
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: select 和 sselect 区别, vselect, mselect, 返回什么形态, 该用哪个查询 -->
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
source_rows := array(
|
||
("A": 1, "B": 3),
|
||
("A": 2, "B": 1),
|
||
("A": 1, "B": 2)
|
||
);
|
||
selected_values := sselect ["A"] from source_rows end;
|
||
sum_value := vselect sumOf(["B"]) from source_rows end;
|
||
matrix_result := mselect * from source_rows end;
|
||
col_index := mcols(matrix_result, 1);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
结果说明:
|
||
|
||
- `sselect ["A"] from source_rows end` 返回一维数组 `array(1, 2, 1)`
|
||
- `vselect sumOf(["B"]) from source_rows end` 返回单值 `6`
|
||
- `mselect * from source_rows end` 的行数是 `3`、列数是 `2`
|
||
- `mcols(matrix_result, 1)` 返回列索引 `array("A", "B")`
|
||
- 本页只把 `mselect` 的“返回 Matrix 且保留行列信息”写成文档主干;不要在本页发明直接单元格读取规则
|
||
|
||
### `where` 和 `order by`
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 条件筛选, 排序, 按某列排, 倒序, 只要满足条件的行 -->
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
source_rows := array(
|
||
("A": 1, "B": 3),
|
||
("A": 2, "B": 1),
|
||
("A": 1, "B": 2)
|
||
);
|
||
query_result := select * from source_rows where ["B"] > 1 order by ["B"] end;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
结果说明:
|
||
|
||
- `query_result` 的长度是 `2`
|
||
- 两行依次是 `(1,2)`、`(1,3)`
|
||
- 说明 `where ["B"] > 1` 会先筛选,再按 `order by ["B"]` 的升序返回
|
||
|
||
### `group by`
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 分组, 汇总, 聚合统计, 按类别合计 -->
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
source_rows := array(
|
||
("A": 1, "B": 3),
|
||
("A": 2, "B": 1),
|
||
("A": 1, "B": 2)
|
||
);
|
||
group_result := select ["A"], sumOf(["B"]) as "SumB"
|
||
from source_rows
|
||
group by ["A"]
|
||
order by ["A"]
|
||
end;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
结果说明:
|
||
|
||
- `group_result` 的长度是 `2`
|
||
- 第一行是 `(1,5)`
|
||
- 第二行是 `(2,1)`
|
||
- 说明 `group by ["A"]` 后可以直接接聚集函数,并用 `as "SumB"` 指定返回列名
|
||
|
||
### 一维数组上的 `thisRow` 与 `thisRowIndex`
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 当前行, 当前行号, 一维数组查询 -->
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
values := array(10, 20, 30);
|
||
row_values := sselect thisRow from values end;
|
||
row_indexes := sselect thisRowIndex from values end;
|
||
query_result := select thisRow as "Value", thisRowIndex as "Idx"
|
||
from values
|
||
where thisRow > 15
|
||
order by thisRow
|
||
end;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
结果说明:
|
||
|
||
- `sselect thisRow from values end` 返回 `array(10, 20, 30)`
|
||
- `sselect thisRowIndex from values end` 返回 `array(0, 1, 2)`
|
||
- 上面的 `select ... from values where thisRow > 15 order by thisRow end` 返回两行:第一行 `Value=20, Idx=1`,第二行 `Value=30, Idx=2`
|
||
|
||
### `join`
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 两表关联, 表连接, 按键匹配, 拼接两张表 -->
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
left_rows := array(
|
||
("ID": 1, "V1": 10),
|
||
("ID": 2, "V1": 20)
|
||
);
|
||
right_rows := array(
|
||
("ID": 1, "V2": 100),
|
||
("ID": 3, "V2": 300)
|
||
);
|
||
join_result := select [1].["ID"], [1].["V1"], [2].["V2"]
|
||
from left_rows join right_rows on [1].["ID"] = [2].["ID"]
|
||
end;
|
||
writeLn(length(join_result));
|
||
writeLn(join_result[0]["ID"]);
|
||
writeLn(join_result[0]["V1"]);
|
||
writeLn(join_result[0]["V2"]);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
结果说明:
|
||
|
||
- `join_result` 的长度是 `1`
|
||
- 唯一一行是 `(1,10,100)`
|
||
- 说明 `from left_rows join right_rows on ...` 和 `[1].["字段"]`、`[2].["字段"]` 这种多表字段访问属于文档明确写法
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
1
|
||
1
|
||
10
|
||
100
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### `thisGroup`
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 组内数据, 分组明细, 取当前组 -->
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
source_rows := array(
|
||
("A": 1, "B": 3, "Name": "x"),
|
||
("A": 2, "B": 1, "Name": "y"),
|
||
("A": 1, "B": 2, "Name": "z")
|
||
);
|
||
group_result := select ["A"], max_b := maxOf(["B"]) as "MaxB",
|
||
vselect ["Name"] from thisGroup where ["B"] = max_b end as "TopName"
|
||
from source_rows
|
||
group by ["A"]
|
||
order by ["A"]
|
||
end;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
结果说明:
|
||
|
||
- `group_result` 的长度是 `2`
|
||
- 第一行是 `(1,3,"x")`
|
||
- 第二行是 `(2,1,"y")`
|
||
- 说明 `thisGroup` 可以在分组上下文里作为子结果集继续 `vselect`
|
||
|
||
### `thisRowIndex` 在排序后仍指向原始位置
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 排序后原始行号, 原位置, 排序不改下标 -->
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
source_rows := array(
|
||
("A": 1, "B": 3),
|
||
("A": 2, "B": 1),
|
||
("A": 1, "B": 2)
|
||
);
|
||
query_result := select thisRowIndex as "Idx", ["B"]
|
||
from source_rows
|
||
order by ["B"]
|
||
end;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
结果说明:
|
||
|
||
- `query_result` 的三行依次是 `(1,1)`、`(2,2)`、`(0,3)`
|
||
- 说明 `order by ["B"]` 之后,`thisRowIndex` 仍返回原表中的原始下标
|
||
|
||
### `refMaxOf` 与 `refMinOf`
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 取最大值那行, 取最小值对应字段, 谁最大, 极值行 -->
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
source_rows := array((6, 20), (5, 20), (9, 2), (2, 20), (7, 18));
|
||
max_ref_result := select maxOf([0]) as "MaxA", refMaxOf([1]) as "RefB" from source_rows end;
|
||
min_ref_result := select minOf([0]) as "MinA", refMinOf([1]) as "RefB" from source_rows end;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
结果说明:
|
||
|
||
- `max_ref_result` 只有一行,结果是 `(9,2)`
|
||
- `min_ref_result` 只有一行,结果是 `(2,20)`
|
||
- 说明 `refMaxOf([1])` 取到了 `[0]` 最大值所在行的 `[1]`,`refMinOf([1])` 取到了 `[0]` 最小值所在行的 `[1]`
|
||
|
||
### `LEFT JOIN` 多表联接
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 左连接, 左联接, 保留左表, 右边没有就空 -->
|
||
|
||
`left join` 保留左表所有行,右表不匹配时用 `nil` 填充:
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
left_rows := array(("k": 1, "va": "a1"), ("k": 2, "va": "a2"));
|
||
right_rows := array(("k": 1, "vb": "b1"), ("k": 3, "vb": "b3"));
|
||
result := select [1].["va"], [2].["vb"]
|
||
from left_rows left join right_rows
|
||
on [1].["k"] = [2].["k"]
|
||
end;
|
||
writeLn("行数:", mrows(result));
|
||
writeLn("(0,0):", result[0]["va"]);
|
||
writeLn("(0,1):", result[0]["vb"]);
|
||
writeLn("(1,0):", result[1]["va"]);
|
||
writeLn("(1,1):", result[1]["vb"]);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
行数: 2
|
||
(0,0): a1
|
||
(0,1): b1
|
||
(1,0): a2
|
||
(1,1): nil
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `left join` 保留左表所有行(`k=1` 和 `k=2`)
|
||
- 右表 `k=2` 不存在,对应列用 `nil` 填充
|
||
- `on` 子句指定联接条件,用 `[1].["k"] = [2].["k"]` 匹配键
|
||
- 其他联接类型:`right join`(保留右表)、`full join`(保留双方)、`cross join`(笛卡尔积)
|
||
|
||
### `right join` / `full join` / `cross join` 与逗号联接
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 右连接, 全连接, 笛卡尔积, 交叉联接 -->
|
||
|
||
`right join` / `full join` 的不匹配行同样用 `nil` 填充:
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("id": "01", "en": 90), ("id": "02", "en": 80));
|
||
b := array(("id": "01", "math": 70), ("id": "05", "math": 50));
|
||
right_result := select [1].["id"], [2].["math"] from a right join b on [1].["id"] = [2].["id"] end;
|
||
full_result := select [1].["id"], [2].["math"] from a full join b on [1].["id"] = [2].["id"] end;
|
||
writeLn("right行数:", mrows(right_result));
|
||
writeLn("full行数:", mrows(full_result));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
right行数: 2
|
||
full行数: 3
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `right join` 保留右表所有行,左表无匹配的记录里,取自左表的字段为 `nil`(上例右表 `id=05` 那行 `[1].["id"]` 为 `nil`)
|
||
- `full join` 保留双方所有行,任一侧无匹配的字段用 `nil` 填充(上例既有左表独占的 `02`,也有右表独占的 `05`)
|
||
|
||
`cross join` 是笛卡尔积,不带 `on`;等价的逗号联接可带 `where`:
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("id": "01", "en": 90), ("id": "02", "en": 80));
|
||
b := array(("id": "01", "math": 70), ("id": "05", "math": 50));
|
||
cross_result := select [1].["id"], [2].["id"] from a cross join b end;
|
||
comma_result := select [1].["id"] from a, b where [1].["id"] = [2].["id"] end;
|
||
writeLn("cross行数:", mrows(cross_result));
|
||
writeLn("comma行数:", mrows(comma_result));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
cross行数: 4
|
||
comma行数: 1
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `cross join` 不写 `on`,产生左右两表的全组合(2 × 2 = 4 行)
|
||
- `from A, B where ...` 是等价的逗号联接写法,用 `where` 表达匹配条件
|
||
|
||
`with(... on ...)` 是优化联接:把 `on` 的 N×M 匹配复杂度降到 N+M,多个等值约束用逗号分隔:
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("id": "01", "en": 90), ("id": "03", "en": 85));
|
||
b := array(("id": "01", "math": 70), ("id": "03", "math": 60), ("id": "05", "math": 50));
|
||
result := select [1].["id"], [2].["math"] from a join b with([1].["id"] on [2].["id"]) end;
|
||
writeLn("行数:", mrows(result));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
行数: 2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `join B with(左表达式组 on 右表达式组)` 只支持等值约束,靠哈希把复杂度降到 N+M
|
||
- 多个等值约束写成 `with([1].["id"], [1].["cls"] on [2].["id"], [2].["cls"])`
|
||
- 需要非等值条件(`>`、`<`)时回到普通 `join ... on`
|
||
|
||
`on` 支持多条件 `and`,`[表序号].*` 取整表所有列:
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("id": "01", "en": 90), ("id": "03", "en": 85));
|
||
b := array(("id": "01", "math": 70), ("id": "03", "math": 95));
|
||
result := select [1].* from a join b on [1].["id"] = [2].["id"] and [1].["en"] > [2].["math"] end;
|
||
writeLn("行数:", mrows(result));
|
||
writeLn("(0,0):", result[0]["id"]);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
行数: 1
|
||
(0,0): 01
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `on` 后面可以用 `and` 串联多个条件
|
||
- `[1].*` 返回第一个表的所有列;三表以上时链式写 `join C on ...`
|
||
|
||
### `INSERT` 写回
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 插入行, 新增记录, 往数组加数据 -->
|
||
|
||
`insert into` 向内存数组插入新行:
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("id": "x"));
|
||
insert into a insertfields(["id"]) values("y");
|
||
writeLn("行数:", mrows(a));
|
||
writeLn("(0,0):", a[0]["id"]);
|
||
writeLn("(1,0):", a[1]["id"]);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
行数: 2
|
||
(0,0): x
|
||
(1,0): y
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `insert into 数组变量` 直接修改原数组
|
||
- `insertfields([字段列表])` 指定要插入的字段
|
||
- `values(...)` 提供对应值,可以连续写多组 `values(...)` 实现批量插入
|
||
|
||
批量插入可以直接跟一个同结构数组,`insertfields` 也支持一次给多字段赋值:
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("id": "01", "cls": "A"));
|
||
rows := array(("id": "09", "cls": "C"));
|
||
insert into a rows;
|
||
insert into a insertfields(["id"], ["cls"]) values("07", "B");
|
||
writeLn("行数:", mrows(a));
|
||
writeLn(a[1]["id"], a[1]["cls"]);
|
||
writeLn(a[2]["id"], a[2]["cls"]);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
行数: 3
|
||
09C
|
||
07B
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `insert into a rows;` 把整个 `rows` 数组的行批量追加进 `a`
|
||
- `insertfields(["id"], ["cls"]) values("07", "B")` 一次插入多字段
|
||
|
||
### `UPDATE` 写回
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 更新行, 改字段值, 批量修改 -->
|
||
|
||
`update` 修改符合条件的行:
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("id": "x", "v": 1), ("id": "y", "v": 2));
|
||
update a set ["v"] = 99 where ["id"] = "y" end;
|
||
writeLn(a[0]["v"]);
|
||
writeLn(a[1]["v"]);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
1
|
||
99
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `update 数组变量 set [字段] = 新值` 直接修改原数组
|
||
- `where` 子句筛选要更新的行
|
||
- 可以同时更新多个字段:`set ["v1"] = 10, ["v2"] = 20`
|
||
|
||
`set` 一个不存在的列会自动新增该列;`set thisrow = ...` 可以整行替换(一维数组上尤其常用):
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("id": "01", "en": 90), ("id": "02", "en": 80));
|
||
update a set ["total"] = ["en"] + 1 end;
|
||
r := array(1, 2, 3);
|
||
update r set thisrow = thisrow * 10 end;
|
||
writeLn(a[0]["total"]);
|
||
writeLn(r[0], r[1], r[2]);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
91
|
||
102030
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `set ["total"] = ...` 中 `total` 原本不存在,执行后自动作为新列加到每一行
|
||
- `set thisrow = thisrow * 10` 用当前行整体做表达式并写回;一维数组上 `thisrow` 就是元素本身
|
||
|
||
### `DELETE` 写回
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 删除行, 删掉记录, 按条件删 -->
|
||
|
||
`delete` 删除符合条件的行:
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("id": "x"), ("id": "y"));
|
||
delete from a where ["id"] = "x";
|
||
writeLn("行数:", mrows(a));
|
||
writeLn("(0,0):", a[0]["id"]);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
行数: 1
|
||
(0,0): y
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `delete from 数组变量 where 条件` 删除符合条件的行
|
||
- 直接修改原数组
|
||
- 省略 `where` 会删除所有行
|
||
|
||
`deleteopt(Option)` 控制删除后是否重排下标:
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("cls": "A"), ("cls": "A"), ("cls": "B"), ("cls": "B"));
|
||
delete deleteopt(1) from a where ["cls"] = "A";
|
||
writeLn(mrows(a));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `deleteopt(0)`(默认)删除后重排剩余行下标
|
||
- `deleteopt(1)` 删除后保留原始下标,不重排
|
||
|
||
### `distinct` 结果集去重
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 去重, 不要重复行, 唯一值 -->
|
||
|
||
`select distinct` 对结果集去重;聚集函数内也可用 `distinct` 前缀:
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("cls": "A", "en": 90), ("cls": "A", "en": 80), ("cls": "A", "en": 90), ("cls": "B", "en": 85));
|
||
distinct_rows := select distinct ["cls"] from a end;
|
||
distinct_sum := vselect sumof(distinct ["en"]) from a end;
|
||
plain_sum := vselect sumof(["en"]) from a end;
|
||
writeLn(mrows(distinct_rows));
|
||
writeLn(distinct_sum);
|
||
writeLn(plain_sum);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
2
|
||
255
|
||
345
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `select distinct [字段]` 折叠重复行
|
||
- `sumof(distinct [字段])` 只对不同值求和:`90 + 80 + 85 = 255`;不加 `distinct` 时重复的 `90` 计两次,得 `345`
|
||
|
||
### `as` 别名、`as nil` 与字段区间
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 改列名, 起别名, 丢弃字段, 字段区间 -->
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("id": "01", "cls": "A", "en": 90), ("id": "02", "cls": "B", "en": 80));
|
||
alias_rows := select ["en"] as "score" from a end;
|
||
nil_rows := select ["id"], ["en"] * 2 as nil from a end;
|
||
range_rows := select 0 to 1 from a end;
|
||
writeLn(alias_rows[0]["score"]);
|
||
writeLn(mcols(nil_rows));
|
||
writeLn(mcols(range_rows));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
90
|
||
1
|
||
2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `字段 as "别名"` 给结果列改名
|
||
- `表达式 as nil` 让该列只参与临时计算,不出现在结果集里(上例 `nil_rows` 只剩 `id` 一列)
|
||
- `StartIndex to EndIndex` 在选择列表里取列区间;`0 to 1` 返回第 0、1 两列
|
||
|
||
### `drange` 取行区间
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 取前几行, 分页, 行区间, 只要一段 -->
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("id": "01"), ("id": "02"), ("id": "03"), ("id": "04"));
|
||
head_rows := select drange(0 to 1) * from a end;
|
||
tail_rows := select drange(-2 to -1) * from a end;
|
||
part_rows := select drange(1 of 2) * from a end;
|
||
writeLn(mrows(head_rows));
|
||
writeLn(tail_rows[0]["id"]);
|
||
writeLn(mrows(part_rows));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
2
|
||
03
|
||
2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `drange(begin to end)` 取行区间;负数从末尾计(`-1` 是最后一行)
|
||
- `drange(M of N)` 把结果集等分成 N 份,取第 M 份
|
||
|
||
### `selectopt` 位选项
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 查询选项, 返回形态控制, 位标志 -->
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("en": 90), ("en": 80), ("en": 85), ("en": 85));
|
||
opt_rows := select selectopt(2) ["en"] from a end;
|
||
writeLn(dataType(opt_rows));
|
||
writeLn(opt_rows[0]);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
4
|
||
90
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `selectopt(N)` 用位组合改变返回形态;`selectopt(2)` 让 `select` 返回一维数组(不再是二维结果集)
|
||
- 常用位:`1`=单值、`2`=一维、`4`=Matrix、`16`=多字段聚集保留原名、`64`=MovingFirst 变换
|
||
|
||
### 条件聚集、移动聚集与 `refof`
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 条件求和, 滑动窗口, 移动平均, 带条件的聚合 -->
|
||
|
||
聚集函数统一支持 `(Expr, BoolConditionExp, N, MovingFirst, CacheId)` 形态:
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("en": 90), ("en": 80), ("en": 85), ("en": 85));
|
||
cond_sum := vselect sumof(["en"], ["en"] >= 85) from a end;
|
||
moving := select avgof(["en"], true, 2, true) from a end;
|
||
ref_prev := select ["en"], refof(["en"], 1) from a end;
|
||
writeLn(cond_sum);
|
||
writeLn(moving[2]["Expr1"]);
|
||
writeLn(ref_prev[1]["Expr1"]);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
260
|
||
82.5
|
||
90
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- 条件聚集:`sumof(表达式, 布尔条件)` 只统计条件为真的行(`90 + 85 + 85 = 260`)
|
||
- 移动聚集:`avgof(表达式, 条件, N, MovingFirst)` 取当前行往前 N 条的滑动统计
|
||
- `refof(表达式, N)` 引用前 N 行的值(`N` 为负则往后);首行无前值时返回 `0`
|
||
|
||
### `group by ... having`
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 分组后筛选, 聚合条件, 组级过滤 -->
|
||
|
||
`having` 用聚集条件筛选分组(`where` 不能用聚集):
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("cls": "A", "en": 90), ("cls": "A", "en": 80), ("cls": "B", "en": 85));
|
||
having_rows := select ["cls"] from a group by ["cls"] having countof(["cls"]) > 1 end;
|
||
writeLn(mrows(having_rows));
|
||
writeLn(having_rows[0]["cls"]);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
1
|
||
A
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `having 聚集条件` 在分组后筛选(上例只保留成员数大于 1 的 `A` 组)
|
||
- `having` 里的计数用 `countof([字段])` 或 `countof(1)`
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
having_rows := select ["cls"] from a group by ["cls"] having countof(*) > 1 end;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
`countof(*)` 这种带 `*` 的写法不成立,会报 `CountOf ( not found`。计数改用 `countof([字段])` 或 `countof(1)`。
|
||
|
||
### `thisOrder` 与多列 `order by`
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 多列排序, 排名, 序号, 先按 A 再按 B -->
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("id": "01", "en": 90), ("id": "02", "en": 80), ("id": "03", "en": 85), ("id": "04", "en": 85));
|
||
order_rows := select ["id"], thisOrder as "ord" from a order by ["en"] end;
|
||
desc_rows := select ["id"] from a order by ["en"] desc end;
|
||
writeLn(order_rows[0]["id"], ",", order_rows[0]["ord"]);
|
||
writeLn(desc_rows[0]["id"]);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
02,1
|
||
01
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `thisOrder` 返回排序后的自然排名(从 1 起,值相同则同名次,名次可不连续)
|
||
- `order by [字段] desc` 降序;多列排序用逗号分隔:`order by ["cls"] asc, ["en"] desc`
|
||
- `thisOrder` 与 `thisRowIndex` 不同:后者返回排序前的原始行位置
|
||
|
||
### `refsof` 引用上级结果集
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 子查询取外层, 嵌套查询, 引用上一层 -->
|
||
|
||
在嵌套子查询里,`refsof(Exp, UpLevel)` 用上 N 级结果集计算 `Exp`:
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("id": "01", "en": 90), ("id": "02", "en": 80));
|
||
r := select ["id"], (vselect refsof(["en"], 1) from a end) as "up" from a end;
|
||
writeLn(r[0]["id"], ",", r[0]["up"]);
|
||
writeLn(r[1]["id"], ",", r[1]["up"]);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
01,90
|
||
02,80
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `refsof(表达式, 1)` 在内层子查询里引用上一级(外层)结果集当前行的值
|
||
- 数字越大引用越靠外层;脱离嵌套单独使用会报 `no result set for reference`
|
||
|
||
### `[@Field]` 取字段类型
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 字段类型, 列的数据类型 -->
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
a := array(("id": "01", "en": 90), ("id": "02", "en": 80));
|
||
t := select ["id"], [@"en"] from a end;
|
||
writeLn(t[0]["Expr1"]);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:输出片段
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
integer
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明:
|
||
|
||
- `[@字段名]` 返回该字段的数据类型名(字符串),可用于 select 列表与 update set
|
||
|
||
### `aggof` 自定义聚集扩展
|
||
|
||
<!-- tags: 自定义聚合, 自己写聚集函数 -->
|
||
|
||
`aggof('名称', 表达式)` 调用一个自定义回调函数做聚集。本地 `TSL.exe` 会报 `AggOf Init Error`;下例在服务端(pyTSL)验证通过:
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:仅服务端可执行示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
Table1 := array(("C": 1), ("C": 2), ("C": 3), ("C": 4), ("C": 5));
|
||
return vselect aggof('AggSumSample', ['C']) from Table1 end;
|
||
|
||
function AggSumSample(Flag, Value);
|
||
begin
|
||
if Flag = 0 then
|
||
begin
|
||
sysParams['SumSample'] := 0;
|
||
return true;
|
||
end
|
||
else if Flag = 1 then
|
||
begin
|
||
sysParams['SumSample'] := sysParams['SumSample'] + Value;
|
||
return true;
|
||
end
|
||
else
|
||
return sysParams['SumSample'];
|
||
end;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
说明(上例返回 `15`):
|
||
|
||
- 回调签名固定为 `function Name(Flag, Value)`
|
||
- `Flag=0` 初始化(`Value` 为真表示 `distinct`),返回 `true`/`false` 表示成败
|
||
- `Flag=1` 每行数据,`Value` 是当前行表达式的值,返回 `true`/`false`
|
||
- `Flag=2` 结束,返回最终聚集结果
|
||
- 状态用 `sysParams[...]` 缓存,不要用 `static`
|
||
|
||
## 本页不生成的范围
|
||
|
||
- `TSQLInsert` / `TSQLSetValue` / `TSQLBatchInsert` / `TSQLEdit` / `TSQLPost` / `TSQLFinal` 对象被 TS-SQL 查询的回调机制
|
||
- 面向 SQL 表、业务表或时间序列的数据查询与写回(`marketTable` / `infoTable` / `tradeTable` / `sqlTable` / `hugeSqlTable` 等数据源)
|
||
|
||
这些内容不作为本页可生成事实;业务数据源先交给 `tsl-api-reference` skill、pyTSL 模块事实所有者或项目实际接口。
|
||
|
||
## 默认生成模板
|
||
|
||
TS-SQL 的最短默认骨架如下:
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:可直接照写示例
|
||
|
||
```tsl
|
||
source_rows := array((1, 10), (2, 20));
|
||
query_result := select * from source_rows end;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 禁止项
|
||
|
||
- 不要把数据库 SQL 方言直接迁移成 TS-SQL 代码。
|
||
- 不要把 `select` 当成普通函数调用,忘了以 `end` 收尾。
|
||
- 在二维结果集里直接写 `A` 而不是 `["A"]`。
|
||
- 多表联接时继续写成 `["ID"]`,没有加表序号。
|
||
- 处理一维数组时直接把 `[0]` 当成稳定列访问。
|
||
- 把 `thisGroup` 当成普通字段或普通变量。
|
||
- 把排序后的 `thisRowIndex` 误当成排序序号。
|
||
- 在 `left join` 时省略 `on` 子句或不用 `[表序号].["字段"]` 形式。
|
||
- 在 `insert` 时漏掉 `insertfields` 或字段数与值数不匹配。
|
||
- 期望 `update`/`delete` 返回新数组;它们直接修改原数组。
|
||
- 用 `countof(*)` 数行数;`*` 星号形式不被支持,改用 `countof([字段])` 或 `countof(1)`。
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
n := vselect countof(*) from source_rows end;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
`countof(*)` 会报 `CountOf ( not found`。数行数改用 `countof([字段])` 或 `countof(1)`。
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
query_result := select A from source_rows end;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
上面这种写法不要当成本页可靠规则。二维结果集字段访问,本页只把 `["A"]` 这种写法写成文档主干。
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
query_result := select [0] from values end;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
这种对一维数组直接用 `[0]` 的写法虽然能返回与源数组等长的结果,但取到的值是 `nil`,不能当成可靠入口。对一维数组应改用 `thisRow` 和 `thisRowIndex`。
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
query_result := select ["ID"], ["V1"], ["V2"]
|
||
from left_rows join right_rows on ["ID"] = ["ID"]
|
||
end;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
上面这种写法不要当成本页可靠规则。多表查询里,本页只把 `[1].["字段"]`、`[2].["字段"]` 这种带表序号的访问方式写成文档主干。
|
||
|
||
代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
group_value := thisGroup;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
不要把 `thisGroup` 当成普通值直接使用。可靠入口是 `select ... from thisGroup end` 或 `vselect ... from thisGroup end`。
|