25d895d 🐛 fix(gitea_workflow): clean up temp repos after job steps 2bc3b11 🐛 fix(gitea_workflow): clean up temporary repo dirs in workflows 98c3f30 📝 docs(agent_rules): allow plan execution on current branch 16c7230 📝 docs(prompts): define custom verify layering 8efc4dd 🐛 fix(skills): quote commit-message description bc8498f 🐛 fix(ci): install tomli for gitea tests 55cda3b 🐛 fix(tests): report missing toml parser clearly c0729c7 🐛 fix(playbook): import Optional for cli compatibility 63e24bf 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills d2f9356 🐛 fix(ci): isolate gitea workflow repos 588b81d 🐛 fix(ci): inline gitea workflow bootstrap e0b1c3a ♻️ refactor(skills): standardize first-party skill contracts 2c5050d ♻️ refactor(skills): rename repo skills source dir f049dfb 📦 deps(skills): drop duplicate first-party superpowers skills 234b335 ✨ feat(workflow): add superpowers planning and execution state tracking c1702a6 📝 docs(markdown): format tracked markdown and drop stale templates 2325409 📝 docs(markdown): clarify optional markdownlint usage 214c44e 🔧 chore(markdown): add markdownlint baseline and lint fixes a22b324 📝 docs(templates): add execution and memory-bank prompt templates 223a797 📝 docs(templates): update README for Claude Code and current features 4ac8672 📝 docs: simplify README + platform-agnostic tools + auto-create local rules 2431c9d 📝 docs: add claude_md config and use cross-platform paths d64b248 📝 docs: fix README.md inaccuracies and add Claude Code info c8d6bf2 🐛 fix(playbook): use relative paths in CLAUDE.md when not at project root 6518f0f ✨ feat(playbook): auto-create CLAUDE.md with path discovery 6ec9a45 ✨ feat(skills): add skill_link symlink support + platform-agnostic prompt 9f8b6b5 📝 docs: update README and config example for Claude Code support 79cff6c 📝 docs(skills): add Claude Code platform support 452c6f5 ✨ feat(playbook): auto-inject AGENTS.md into CLAUDE.md e1dbf3c 🐛 fix(skills): remove dual-path from commit-message skill f3a7259 🔧 chore(ci): use prepare_repo.sh in both workflows da08212 🔧 chore(ci): extract prepare_repo.sh and clean up workflows 7ade85e 🗑️ remove(tsl): drop syntax_book/, data/ source and build script f94dba0 ♻️ refactor(skills): update playbook.py and tests for thirdparty/ layout b3df412 ♻️ refactor(skills): separate thirdparty skills into thirdparty/ subdirectory 64950e7 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills a2e3cb0 ✨ feat(playbook): add no_backup deploy controls 8609d59 🐛 fix(docs): repair reference catalog source links 956da11 🐛 fix(playbook): publish hidden ci test fixes 3f67754 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills 08ca87b 📦 deps(skills): add karpathy thirdparty sync 96b705b 📝 docs(tsl): rebuild canonical syntax and routing manual 3ed5052 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills 60108dd 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills da85d4e 🐛 fix(thirdparty): prune nested project snapshots a2a697e 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills 9df610a 🐛 fix(thirdparty): exclude duplicated superpowers skills 33dd5bb 🐛 fix(thirdparty): preserve optional manifest fields 91b0ea7 🐛 fix(thirdparty): preserve manifest during snapshot update 2e26f98 🔧 chore(thirdparty): generalize skills sync pipeline 5b9c1e3 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 2f2d34a 📝 docs(readme): normalize subtree command spacing 62db7db 🐛 fix(ci): serialize superpowers update and sync 3463223 🐛 fix(ci): use literal superpowers sync paths 48f6de8 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 4b23529 🔧 chore(ci): merge superpowers update and sync workflow a56d75b 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 84bcefa 🔧 chore(ci): use ci[bot] commit author name 00a07e5 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 7b84daf 🐛 fix(templates): enforce main loop progress tracking 51373d7 🔧 chore(ci): automate superpowers sync workflow eaaa39c 🐛 fix(ci): prevent stale superpowers sync from restoring skills block 79755c6 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 836d878 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 8216c9f 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 9439505 🐛 fix(playbook): address reported repo issues git-subtree-dir: docs/standards/playbook git-subtree-split: 25d895d8b3f56624ccfe99ad7289e9eb49e0f316
272 lines
7.6 KiB
Markdown
272 lines
7.6 KiB
Markdown
# Pitfalls
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文档类型:反例索引页
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是否可直接用于生成代码:否
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是否含已验证可执行示例:否
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是否含已验证反例:是
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遇到不确定时跳转到:[03_core_model.md](03_core_model.md)、[06_functions_and_calls.md](06_functions_and_calls.md)、[09_objects_and_classes.md](09_objects_and_classes.md)
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手册位置:第 12 篇,共 32 篇。上一篇:[11_runtime_context_and_with.md](11_runtime_context_and_with.md)。下一篇:[13_matrix_and_collections.md](13_matrix_and_collections.md)。
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这一篇不讲新知识,只做反例索引。
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## 这一篇解决什么问题
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回答“哪些写法最容易凭直觉写出来,但在 TSL 里会编译失败、运行出错,或语义并不可靠”。
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## 这页怎么用
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- 先按主题扫一遍,再回到对应正文看正确写法。
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- 这里不重复讲完整规则,只保留“错法 -> 正确页”的索引。
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- 只有已经单独验证过的误写,才会列在这里。
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## 已验证反例索引
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### 文件模型与基础值
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#### 1. 把裸 `class Name` 当成顶层类声明
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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class Person
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end;
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```
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这会编译失败。正确页:见 [09_objects_and_classes.md](09_objects_and_classes.md)
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#### 2. 把 `=` 当成赋值
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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a = 1;
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```
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这会编译失败。正确页:见 [07_expressions_and_operators.md](07_expressions_and_operators.md)
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#### 3. 把字符串当成 0 基下标
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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s := "ABC";
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WriteLn(s[0]);
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```
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这会在运行时报字符串下标越界。正确页:见 [04_values_and_literals.md](04_values_and_literals.md)
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#### 4. 把普通字符串里的 `"\uXXXX"` 直接当成和 `L"\uXXXX"` 一样的单字符宽串
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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WriteLn(Length("\u0041"));
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WriteLn(Length(L"\u0041"));
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```
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这不是同一件事。当前解释器里前者输出 `2`,后者输出 `1`。正确页:见 [04_values_and_literals.md](04_values_and_literals.md)
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#### 5. 把 `U""` 误当成和 `L""` 一样的宽串
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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WriteLn(IfWString(U"\u5929\u8F6F"));
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WriteLn(IfWString(L"\u5929\u8F6F"));
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```
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这不是同一回事。当前解释器里前者输出 `0`,后者输出 `1`。正确页:见 [04_values_and_literals.md](04_values_and_literals.md)
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#### 6. 把带 `#0` / `\0` 的字符串当成会自动截断的零结尾串
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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s := "A"#0"B";
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WriteLn(Length(s));
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```
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这不要按 C 风格字符串去理解。当前解释器里这里输出 `3`,说明 `#0` 仍是字符串内容的一部分。正确页:见 [04_values_and_literals.md](04_values_and_literals.md)
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#### 7. 把顶层函数定义和松散语句混写
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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function Add(a, b);
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begin
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return a + b;
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end;
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value := Add(1, 2);
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```
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这会编译失败。正确页:见 [03_core_model.md](03_core_model.md)
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#### 8. 顶层单独写 `const Name = value;`
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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const value = 1;
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```
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这在当前解释器里会编译失败。正确页:见 [05_variables_and_constants.md](05_variables_and_constants.md)
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### 函数与调用
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#### 9. 把 `a = 1` 当成命名参数
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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Pack(a = 1, b = 2)
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```
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这不要当成可靠的命名参数写法。它虽然可能编译通过,但实测返回结果不对。正确页:见 [06_functions_and_calls.md](06_functions_and_calls.md)
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#### 10. 把 `like` 当成 SQL `%` / `_` 通配
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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WriteLn("abc" like "a%");
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```
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这在当前解释器里输出 `0`,不要按 SQL `LIKE` 去理解。当前手册里,`like` 的右侧按正则模式解释。正确页:见 [07_expressions_and_operators.md](07_expressions_and_operators.md)
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#### 11. 把普通函数默认参数规则直接套到 `unit interface` 的 `const` 默认参数
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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unit UnitConst;
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interface
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const CS = 888;
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function F(a, b = 100, c = CS);
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```
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这不要直接当成已经等价于普通函数默认参数规则的写法。在当前解释器里,对应的 `F(1)` 实测输出是 `101`,不是按 `CS = 888` 补值。正确页:见 [06_functions_and_calls.md](06_functions_and_calls.md) 和 [10_units_and_scope.md](10_units_and_scope.md)
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#### 12. 把 `external` 后面的 DLL 名直接写成字符串拼接表达式
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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function TickFromExpr(): int64; stdcall; external "kernel32"$"."$"dll" name "GetTickCount64";
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```
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这会编译失败,错误是 `dll filename const string not found after external`。正确页:见 [06_functions_and_calls.md](06_functions_and_calls.md)
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### Unit 与查找路径
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#### 13. 把“文件就在当前目录”当成当前命令行解释器已经能找到对应 `unit` / `.tsf`
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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program test;
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uses DemoUnit;
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begin
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WriteLn(Ping());
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end.
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```
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如果 `DemoUnit.tsf` 所在目录没有进入 `-LIBPATH`、`tsl.conf` 的 `Libpath=` 或运行时查找路径,上面这种写法虽然语法能过,但运行时仍然找不到 `Ping()`。正确页:见 [10_units_and_scope.md](10_units_and_scope.md)
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#### 14. 把函数体或类定义体里的 `uses` 写在第一条语句之后,或在同一作用域里重复写第二个 `uses`
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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function Run();
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begin
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a := 1;
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uses DemoUnit;
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return Ping();
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end;
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type Worker = class
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uses UnitA;
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uses UnitB;
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end;
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```
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上面这两类写法都没有通过。函数里的错法会报 `invalid statement`,类里的错法会报 `invalid class definition`。正确页:见 [10_units_and_scope.md](10_units_and_scope.md)
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#### 15. 把限定读取 `DemoUnit.VarName` 误当成也支持限定赋值
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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DemoUnit.UnitCounter := 13;
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```
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这在当前解释器里会编译失败,错误是左值不可赋值。正确页:见 [10_units_and_scope.md](10_units_and_scope.md)
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### 类与对象
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#### 16. 把裸类名当成 `class function` 或静态字段的直接访问入口
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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MathBox.Add(1, 2);
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THuman.mCount := 7;
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```
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这两种写法在当前解释器里都没有通过。当前已验证可用的是先拿到类类型,再用 `class(MathBox).Add(...)` / `FindClass("MathBox").Add(...)` 调类方法,以及 `class(THuman).mCount` 访问静态字段。正确页:见 [09_objects_and_classes.md](09_objects_and_classes.md)
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#### 17. 把 `private` / `protected create` 当成一定会执行的构造函数
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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program test;
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type A = class
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public
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value;
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private
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function create(v);
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begin
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self.value := v;
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end;
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end;
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begin
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a := new A(111);
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WriteLn(a.value);
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end.
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```
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这不会报“不能创建对象”,但 `create` 不会执行;上面的 `a.value` 实测输出 `<NIL>`。正确页:见 [09_objects_and_classes.md](09_objects_and_classes.md)
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#### 18. 在子类里把父类 `private` 成员当成 `protected` 成员用
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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program test;
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type A = class
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private
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secret;
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end;
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type B = class(A)
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public
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function SetSecret(v);
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begin
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self.secret := v;
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end;
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end;
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```
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这会在执行时报对象成员访问错误。正确页:见 [09_objects_and_classes.md](09_objects_and_classes.md)
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## 跳转指引
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- 整体读法:见 [01_introduction.md](01_introduction.md)
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- 函数写法:见 [06_functions_and_calls.md](06_functions_and_calls.md)
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- unit / uses:见 [10_units_and_scope.md](10_units_and_scope.md)
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- 类写法:见 [09_objects_and_classes.md](09_objects_and_classes.md)
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