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tsl-devkit/docs/tsl/syntax/18_lexical_structure_and_compile_options.md
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csh 3d83740f88 Squashed 'docs/standards/playbook/' changes from c3f8137..25d895d
25d895d 🐛 fix(gitea_workflow): clean up temp repos after job steps
2bc3b11 🐛 fix(gitea_workflow): clean up temporary repo dirs in workflows
98c3f30 📝 docs(agent_rules): allow plan execution on current branch
16c7230 📝 docs(prompts): define custom verify layering
8efc4dd 🐛 fix(skills): quote commit-message description
bc8498f 🐛 fix(ci): install tomli for gitea tests
55cda3b 🐛 fix(tests): report missing toml parser clearly
c0729c7 🐛 fix(playbook): import Optional for cli compatibility
63e24bf 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills
d2f9356 🐛 fix(ci): isolate gitea workflow repos
588b81d 🐛 fix(ci): inline gitea workflow bootstrap
e0b1c3a ♻️ refactor(skills): standardize first-party skill contracts
2c5050d ♻️ refactor(skills): rename repo skills source dir
f049dfb 📦 deps(skills): drop duplicate first-party superpowers skills
234b335  feat(workflow): add superpowers planning and execution state tracking
c1702a6 📝 docs(markdown): format tracked markdown and drop stale templates
2325409 📝 docs(markdown): clarify optional markdownlint usage
214c44e 🔧 chore(markdown): add markdownlint baseline and lint fixes
a22b324 📝 docs(templates): add execution and memory-bank prompt templates
223a797 📝 docs(templates): update README for Claude Code and current features
4ac8672 📝 docs: simplify README + platform-agnostic tools + auto-create local rules
2431c9d 📝 docs: add claude_md config and use cross-platform paths
d64b248 📝 docs: fix README.md inaccuracies and add Claude Code info
c8d6bf2 🐛 fix(playbook): use relative paths in CLAUDE.md when not at project root
6518f0f  feat(playbook): auto-create CLAUDE.md with path discovery
6ec9a45  feat(skills): add skill_link symlink support + platform-agnostic prompt
9f8b6b5 📝 docs: update README and config example for Claude Code support
79cff6c 📝 docs(skills): add Claude Code platform support
452c6f5  feat(playbook): auto-inject AGENTS.md into CLAUDE.md
e1dbf3c 🐛 fix(skills): remove dual-path from commit-message skill
f3a7259 🔧 chore(ci): use prepare_repo.sh in both workflows
da08212 🔧 chore(ci): extract prepare_repo.sh and clean up workflows
7ade85e 🗑️ remove(tsl): drop syntax_book/, data/ source and build script
f94dba0 ♻️ refactor(skills): update playbook.py and tests for thirdparty/ layout
b3df412 ♻️ refactor(skills): separate thirdparty skills into thirdparty/ subdirectory
64950e7 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills
a2e3cb0  feat(playbook): add no_backup deploy controls
8609d59 🐛 fix(docs): repair reference catalog source links
956da11 🐛 fix(playbook): publish hidden ci test fixes
3f67754 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills
08ca87b 📦 deps(skills): add karpathy thirdparty sync
96b705b 📝 docs(tsl): rebuild canonical syntax and routing manual
3ed5052 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills
60108dd 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills
da85d4e 🐛 fix(thirdparty): prune nested project snapshots
a2a697e 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills
9df610a 🐛 fix(thirdparty): exclude duplicated superpowers skills
33dd5bb 🐛 fix(thirdparty): preserve optional manifest fields
91b0ea7 🐛 fix(thirdparty): preserve manifest during snapshot update
2e26f98 🔧 chore(thirdparty): generalize skills sync pipeline
5b9c1e3 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers
2f2d34a 📝 docs(readme): normalize subtree command spacing
62db7db 🐛 fix(ci): serialize superpowers update and sync
3463223 🐛 fix(ci): use literal superpowers sync paths
48f6de8 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers
4b23529 🔧 chore(ci): merge superpowers update and sync workflow
a56d75b 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers
84bcefa 🔧 chore(ci): use ci[bot] commit author name
00a07e5 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers
7b84daf 🐛 fix(templates): enforce main loop progress tracking
51373d7 🔧 chore(ci): automate superpowers sync workflow
eaaa39c 🐛 fix(ci): prevent stale superpowers sync from restoring skills block
79755c6 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers
836d878 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers
8216c9f 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers
9439505 🐛 fix(playbook): address reported repo issues

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2026-05-24 13:04:14 +08:00

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Lexical Structure And Compile Options

文档类型:语法主线 是否可直接用于生成代码:是 是否含已验证可执行示例:是 是否含已验证反例:是 遇到不确定时跳转到:19_types_and_conversions.md12_pitfalls.md01_introduction.md

手册位置:第 18 篇,共 32 篇。上一篇:16_debug_and_profiler.md。下一篇:19_types_and_conversions.md

这一篇吸收语法手册里“词法层”和“编译期开关”相关内容:保留字、标识符、注释、条件编译、文件包含、依赖编译选项。

这一篇解决什么问题

回答“TSL 的词法层规则和编译期开关应该去哪里查,而不是把这些边界混进值、函数、类的正文里”。

必须记住的规则

  • 标识符大小写无关;当前最小运行验证里,下划线也可以出现在标识符中。
  • 当前解释器接受 // 行注释、首行 #! CGI 风格注释、{ ... } 块注释,以及 (* ... *) 块注释。
  • 当前解释器接受 {$DEFINE}{$UNDEF}{$IFDEF}{$IFNDEF}{$ELSE}{$ENDIF} 这组条件编译指令。
  • 条件编译当前已验证只会编译命中的分支;未命中的分支里即使放坏代码,也不会阻止脚本通过。
  • 当前解释器接受 {$Explicit+};一旦开启,后续变量必须先用 var 声明,否则会报 variable not defined
  • 当前解释器也接受 {$Explicit-};它可以在同一源文件里把“先声明后使用”的要求重新关掉。
  • 当前解释器接受 {$VarByRef-}{$VarByRef+};它们会切换“未修饰形参”的默认传递方式,细节见 06_functions_and_calls.md
  • 当前命令行解释器里,{$I} / {$INCLUDE} 的最小相对路径和绝对路径样例都没有跑通;错误信息是 include file ... not found or include feature not implemented
  • {$dependency ...} 这类编辑器辅助编译选项,本轮还没有拿到正向最小验证,不先写成正文事实。

已验证语法

大小写无关与下划线标识符:

代码块身份:已验证可执行示例

program test;
begin
    My_Var := 7;
    WriteLn(my_var);
    WriteLn(MY_VAR);
end.

已验证运行结果:

  • 依次输出 77
  • 说明当前解释器下标识符大小写无关
  • 也说明下划线可以出现在标识符中

注释与条件编译:

代码块身份:已验证可执行示例

#! shebang style comment
program test;
begin
    a := 1; // line comment
    {
        (* nested comment marker *)
    }
    WriteLn(a);
{$DEFINE FLAG}
{$IFDEF FLAG}
    WriteLn(10);
{$ELSE}
    WriteLn(20);
{$ENDIF}
{$UNDEF FLAG}
{$IFNDEF FLAG}
    WriteLn(30);
{$ELSE}
    WriteLn(40);
{$ENDIF}
end.

已验证运行结果:

  • 依次输出 11030
  • 说明首行 #!//{ ... }(* ... *) 在当前解释器里都能通过
  • 也说明 DEFINE / UNDEF / IFDEF / IFNDEF / ELSE / ENDIF 这一组条件编译指令在当前解释器里可以正常生效

{$Explicit+} 的正向最小例子:

代码块身份:已验证可执行示例

program test;
begin
{$Explicit+}
    var a;
    a := 1;
    WriteLn(a);
end.

已验证运行结果:

  • 输出 1
  • 说明 {$Explicit+} 开启后,配合 var 声明可以正常通过

{$Explicit-} 可以在同一源文件里关掉显式声明要求:

代码块身份:已验证可执行示例

program test;
begin
{$Explicit+}
    var a;
    a := 1;
{$Explicit-}
    b := 2;
    WriteLn(a + b);
end.

已验证运行结果:

  • 输出 3
  • 说明 {$Explicit-} 会从出现位置开始取消“变量必须先声明”的限制

条件编译不会去编译未命中的坏代码分支:

代码块身份:已验证可执行示例

program test;
begin
{$UNDEF NEVER}
{$IFDEF NEVER}
    { 未命中分支里的坏代码示意见下方反例块 }
{$ELSE}
    WriteLn(1);
{$ENDIF}
end.

已验证运行结果:

  • 输出 1
  • 说明未命中的条件编译分支不会参与当前脚本编译

未命中分支里拿来做验证的坏代码外形:

代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写

this is bad code

上面这类内容只用于说明“坏代码”长什么样,不要直接写进正向示例块。

{$VarByRef-}{$VarByRef+}

代码块身份:已验证可执行示例

program test;
function TouchDefault(a);
begin
    a := 9;
end;
{$VarByRef-}
function TouchValue(a);
begin
    a := 8;
end;
function TouchForcedVar(var a);
begin
    a := 7;
end;
{$VarByRef+}
function TouchRestored(a);
begin
    a := 6;
end;
begin
    x := 1;
    TouchDefault(x);
    WriteLn(x);
    y := 1;
    TouchValue(y);
    WriteLn(y);
    z := 1;
    TouchForcedVar(z);
    WriteLn(z);
    r := 1;
    TouchRestored(r);
    WriteLn(r);
end.

已验证运行结果:

  • 依次输出 9176
  • 说明默认模式下,未修饰参数仍会写回调用方
  • 说明 {$VarByRef-} 下,未修饰参数会改成按值传递
  • 说明 var 形参在 {$VarByRef-} 下仍保持引用语义
  • 也说明 {$VarByRef+} 可以把默认语义重新切回可写回模式

当前已验证的反向边界

代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写

program test;
begin
{$Explicit+}
    a := 1;
end.

上面这段最小样例已实测编译失败,报错主因是 variable not defined

代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写

program test;
{$I "common.inc"}
begin
    WriteLn(1);
end.

无论把 common.inc 写成相对路径还是绝对路径,当前命令行解释器都没有跑通,错误信息都是 include file ... not found or include feature not implemented

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