25d895d 🐛 fix(gitea_workflow): clean up temp repos after job steps 2bc3b11 🐛 fix(gitea_workflow): clean up temporary repo dirs in workflows 98c3f30 📝 docs(agent_rules): allow plan execution on current branch 16c7230 📝 docs(prompts): define custom verify layering 8efc4dd 🐛 fix(skills): quote commit-message description bc8498f 🐛 fix(ci): install tomli for gitea tests 55cda3b 🐛 fix(tests): report missing toml parser clearly c0729c7 🐛 fix(playbook): import Optional for cli compatibility 63e24bf 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills d2f9356 🐛 fix(ci): isolate gitea workflow repos 588b81d 🐛 fix(ci): inline gitea workflow bootstrap e0b1c3a ♻️ refactor(skills): standardize first-party skill contracts 2c5050d ♻️ refactor(skills): rename repo skills source dir f049dfb 📦 deps(skills): drop duplicate first-party superpowers skills 234b335 ✨ feat(workflow): add superpowers planning and execution state tracking c1702a6 📝 docs(markdown): format tracked markdown and drop stale templates 2325409 📝 docs(markdown): clarify optional markdownlint usage 214c44e 🔧 chore(markdown): add markdownlint baseline and lint fixes a22b324 📝 docs(templates): add execution and memory-bank prompt templates 223a797 📝 docs(templates): update README for Claude Code and current features 4ac8672 📝 docs: simplify README + platform-agnostic tools + auto-create local rules 2431c9d 📝 docs: add claude_md config and use cross-platform paths d64b248 📝 docs: fix README.md inaccuracies and add Claude Code info c8d6bf2 🐛 fix(playbook): use relative paths in CLAUDE.md when not at project root 6518f0f ✨ feat(playbook): auto-create CLAUDE.md with path discovery 6ec9a45 ✨ feat(skills): add skill_link symlink support + platform-agnostic prompt 9f8b6b5 📝 docs: update README and config example for Claude Code support 79cff6c 📝 docs(skills): add Claude Code platform support 452c6f5 ✨ feat(playbook): auto-inject AGENTS.md into CLAUDE.md e1dbf3c 🐛 fix(skills): remove dual-path from commit-message skill f3a7259 🔧 chore(ci): use prepare_repo.sh in both workflows da08212 🔧 chore(ci): extract prepare_repo.sh and clean up workflows 7ade85e 🗑️ remove(tsl): drop syntax_book/, data/ source and build script f94dba0 ♻️ refactor(skills): update playbook.py and tests for thirdparty/ layout b3df412 ♻️ refactor(skills): separate thirdparty skills into thirdparty/ subdirectory 64950e7 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills a2e3cb0 ✨ feat(playbook): add no_backup deploy controls 8609d59 🐛 fix(docs): repair reference catalog source links 956da11 🐛 fix(playbook): publish hidden ci test fixes 3f67754 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills 08ca87b 📦 deps(skills): add karpathy thirdparty sync 96b705b 📝 docs(tsl): rebuild canonical syntax and routing manual 3ed5052 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills 60108dd 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills da85d4e 🐛 fix(thirdparty): prune nested project snapshots a2a697e 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills 9df610a 🐛 fix(thirdparty): exclude duplicated superpowers skills 33dd5bb 🐛 fix(thirdparty): preserve optional manifest fields 91b0ea7 🐛 fix(thirdparty): preserve manifest during snapshot update 2e26f98 🔧 chore(thirdparty): generalize skills sync pipeline 5b9c1e3 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 2f2d34a 📝 docs(readme): normalize subtree command spacing 62db7db 🐛 fix(ci): serialize superpowers update and sync 3463223 🐛 fix(ci): use literal superpowers sync paths 48f6de8 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 4b23529 🔧 chore(ci): merge superpowers update and sync workflow a56d75b 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 84bcefa 🔧 chore(ci): use ci[bot] commit author name 00a07e5 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 7b84daf 🐛 fix(templates): enforce main loop progress tracking 51373d7 🔧 chore(ci): automate superpowers sync workflow eaaa39c 🐛 fix(ci): prevent stale superpowers sync from restoring skills block 79755c6 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 836d878 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 8216c9f 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 9439505 🐛 fix(playbook): address reported repo issues git-subtree-dir: docs/standards/playbook git-subtree-split: 25d895d8b3f56624ccfe99ad7289e9eb49e0f316
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222 lines
6.3 KiB
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# Strings And Text
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文档类型:语法主线
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是否可直接用于生成代码:是
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是否含已验证可执行示例:是
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是否含已验证反例:是
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遇到不确定时跳转到:[04_values_and_literals.md](04_values_and_literals.md)、[19_types_and_conversions.md](19_types_and_conversions.md)、[07_expressions_and_operators.md](07_expressions_and_operators.md)
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手册位置:第 20 篇,共 32 篇。上一篇:[19_types_and_conversions.md](19_types_and_conversions.md)。下一篇:[21_external_calls_and_threads.md](21_external_calls_and_threads.md)。
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这一篇吸收字符串专题里较深的部分:字符串表达、编码边界、转义、非转义表达、字符串拼装和子串操作。
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## 这一篇解决什么问题
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回答“当任务进入字符串和编码细节,而不是只写普通字面量时,应该进入哪一篇”。
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## 必须记住的规则
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- 普通字符串、`L""` 宽串、`U""` UTF8 前缀串,以及 `%%` 原始字符串,当前解释器都接受。
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- `%%` 原始字符串开头后必须先跟一个空白分隔符;可以带标识符,也支持多行。
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- `L%% ...%%` 与 `U%% ...%%` 这两种带前缀的原始字符串当前也可用。
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- 普通字符串里的 `\uXXXX` 不要直接按“单字符宽串”理解;当前 `Length("\u0041") = 2`,而 `Length(L"\u0041") = 1`、`Length(U"\u0041") = 1`。
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- `U""` 不是宽串;需要在 UTF8、宽串、普通串之间显式转换时,继续用 `UTF8ToUnicode(...)`、`UTF8ToAnsi(...)`、`AnsiToUTF8(...)`、`UnicodetoUTF8(...)`、`String(...)`、`WideString(...)`。
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- `#number` 可以直接把字符码拼进字符串。
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- `\0` 和 `#0` 都能把 ASCII `0` 放进字符串,并且不会把字符串截断。
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- 字符串下标当前已验证从 `1` 开始,不从 `0` 开始;访问 `s[0]` 会运行报 `String index out of bounds`。
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- 字符串切片 `s[start:end]`、替换 `s[start:end] := sub`、删除 `s[start:end] := ""`、插入 `s[index:0] := sub` 当前都可用。
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- 基础字符串索引、切片、插入、删除和替换规则,阅读主线仍以 [04_values_and_literals.md](04_values_and_literals.md) 为准;这一篇只补已经单独实测过的深水边界。
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## 已验证语法
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原始字符串 `%%` 的空白分隔、标识符和多行:
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代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
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```tsl
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program test;
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begin
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s1 := %% ABC%%;
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s2 := %%tag A"B'C%%tag;
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s3 := %%m
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A
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B%%m;
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WriteLn(s1);
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WriteLn(s2);
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WriteLn(s3);
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end.
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```
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已验证运行结果:
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- `s1` 输出 `ABC`
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- `s2` 输出 `A"B'C`
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- `s3` 输出两行 `A`、`B`
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- 说明 `%%` 开头后的第一个空白只是分隔符,不属于正文
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- 说明 `%%tag ...%%tag` 可以用标识符配对
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- 也说明 `%%` 原始字符串支持直接跨行
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带前缀的原始字符串:
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代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
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```tsl
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program test;
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begin
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WriteLn(L%% ABC%% = L"ABC");
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WriteLn(U%% ABC%% = "ABC");
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end.
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```
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已验证运行结果:
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- 依次输出 `1`、`1`
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- 说明 `L%% ...%%` 和 `U%% ...%%` 在当前解释器里都可用
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`\uXXXX` 在普通串、宽串和 `U` 串里的边界:
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代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
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```tsl
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program test;
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begin
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WriteLn(Length("\u0041"));
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WriteLn(Length(L"\u0041"));
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WriteLn(Length(U"\u0041"));
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end.
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```
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已验证运行结果:
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- 依次输出 `2`、`1`、`1`
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- 因此不要把普通字符串里的 `"\u0041"` 直接理解成和 `L"\u0041"` 一样的“单字符”写法
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字符串显式编码转换:
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代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
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```tsl
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program test;
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begin
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utf8_s := U"\u5929\u8F6F";
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utf8_s2 := UnicodetoUTF8(L"\u5929\u8F6F");
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wide_s := UTF8ToUnicode(utf8_s);
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ansi_s := UTF8ToAnsi(utf8_s);
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WriteLn(IfWString(utf8_s));
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WriteLn(utf8_s = utf8_s2);
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WriteLn(wide_s = L"\u5929\u8F6F");
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WriteLn(ansi_s = String(L"\u5929\u8F6F"));
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end.
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```
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已验证运行结果:
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- 依次输出 `0`、`1`、`1`、`1`
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- 说明 `U""` 在当前解释器里不是宽串
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- 说明 UTF8、宽串、普通串之间的显式转换链已经拿到正向最小结果
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ASCII `0` 字符不会截断字符串:
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代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
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```tsl
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program test;
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begin
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s1 := "A\0B";
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s2 := "A"#0"B";
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WriteLn(Length(s1));
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WriteLn(Length(s2));
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WriteLn(s1 = s2);
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WriteLn(s1[2] = #0);
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end.
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```
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已验证运行结果:
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- 依次输出 `3`、`3`、`1`、`1`
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- 说明 `\0` 和 `#0` 都可以把 ASCII `0` 放进字符串
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- 也说明当前字符串不是遇到 `#0` 就自动截断的 C 风格零结尾串
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字符码拼接:
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代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
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```tsl
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program test;
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begin
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WriteLn("A"#48"B");
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WriteLn("A"#13#10"B");
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end.
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```
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已验证运行结果:
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- 第一行输出 `A0B`
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- 第二组输出会分成两行 `A`、`B`
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- 说明 `#48` 这类写法会按字符码直接参与字符串拼接,`#13#10` 可以直接表示换行
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字符串下标、切片和区间改写:
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代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
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```tsl
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program test;
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begin
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s := "ABCD";
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WriteLn(s[1]);
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WriteLn(s[2]);
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s := "AAABBB";
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WriteLn(s[3:4]);
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end.
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```
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已验证运行结果:
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- 依次输出 `A`、`B`、`AB`
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- 说明字符串下标当前从 `1` 开始
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- 也说明 `s[3:4]` 会取到起止位置都包含在内的子串
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替换、删除和插入:
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代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
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```tsl
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program test;
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begin
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s1 := "AAABBB";
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s1[3:4] := "111";
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WriteLn(s1);
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s2 := "AAABBB";
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s2[3:4] := "";
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WriteLn(s2);
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s3 := "AAABBB";
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s3[4:0] := "111";
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WriteLn(s3);
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end.
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```
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已验证运行结果:
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- 三行依次输出 `AA111BB`、`AABB`、`AAA111BBB`
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- 说明 `s[start:end] := sub` 可以直接替换区间
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- 说明右值设为空串时,会删除该区间
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- 说明 `s[index:0] := sub` 会在指定位置前插入子串
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当前还额外验证到:
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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s := "ABCD";
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WriteLn(s[0]);
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```
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上面这种写法会运行报错,错误信息包含 `String index out of bounds`。不要把字符串下标按数组的 `0` 起始规则来写。
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## 跳转指引
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- 回看最常用字符串字面量:见 [04_values_and_literals.md](04_values_and_literals.md)
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- 回看字符串上的表达式行为:见 [07_expressions_and_operators.md](07_expressions_and_operators.md)
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- 看类型与转换:见 [19_types_and_conversions.md](19_types_and_conversions.md)
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- 看值与字面量:见 [04_values_and_literals.md](04_values_and_literals.md)
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