25d895d 🐛 fix(gitea_workflow): clean up temp repos after job steps 2bc3b11 🐛 fix(gitea_workflow): clean up temporary repo dirs in workflows 98c3f30 📝 docs(agent_rules): allow plan execution on current branch 16c7230 📝 docs(prompts): define custom verify layering 8efc4dd 🐛 fix(skills): quote commit-message description bc8498f 🐛 fix(ci): install tomli for gitea tests 55cda3b 🐛 fix(tests): report missing toml parser clearly c0729c7 🐛 fix(playbook): import Optional for cli compatibility 63e24bf 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills d2f9356 🐛 fix(ci): isolate gitea workflow repos 588b81d 🐛 fix(ci): inline gitea workflow bootstrap e0b1c3a ♻️ refactor(skills): standardize first-party skill contracts 2c5050d ♻️ refactor(skills): rename repo skills source dir f049dfb 📦 deps(skills): drop duplicate first-party superpowers skills 234b335 ✨ feat(workflow): add superpowers planning and execution state tracking c1702a6 📝 docs(markdown): format tracked markdown and drop stale templates 2325409 📝 docs(markdown): clarify optional markdownlint usage 214c44e 🔧 chore(markdown): add markdownlint baseline and lint fixes a22b324 📝 docs(templates): add execution and memory-bank prompt templates 223a797 📝 docs(templates): update README for Claude Code and current features 4ac8672 📝 docs: simplify README + platform-agnostic tools + auto-create local rules 2431c9d 📝 docs: add claude_md config and use cross-platform paths d64b248 📝 docs: fix README.md inaccuracies and add Claude Code info c8d6bf2 🐛 fix(playbook): use relative paths in CLAUDE.md when not at project root 6518f0f ✨ feat(playbook): auto-create CLAUDE.md with path discovery 6ec9a45 ✨ feat(skills): add skill_link symlink support + platform-agnostic prompt 9f8b6b5 📝 docs: update README and config example for Claude Code support 79cff6c 📝 docs(skills): add Claude Code platform support 452c6f5 ✨ feat(playbook): auto-inject AGENTS.md into CLAUDE.md e1dbf3c 🐛 fix(skills): remove dual-path from commit-message skill f3a7259 🔧 chore(ci): use prepare_repo.sh in both workflows da08212 🔧 chore(ci): extract prepare_repo.sh and clean up workflows 7ade85e 🗑️ remove(tsl): drop syntax_book/, data/ source and build script f94dba0 ♻️ refactor(skills): update playbook.py and tests for thirdparty/ layout b3df412 ♻️ refactor(skills): separate thirdparty skills into thirdparty/ subdirectory 64950e7 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills a2e3cb0 ✨ feat(playbook): add no_backup deploy controls 8609d59 🐛 fix(docs): repair reference catalog source links 956da11 🐛 fix(playbook): publish hidden ci test fixes 3f67754 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills 08ca87b 📦 deps(skills): add karpathy thirdparty sync 96b705b 📝 docs(tsl): rebuild canonical syntax and routing manual 3ed5052 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills 60108dd 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills da85d4e 🐛 fix(thirdparty): prune nested project snapshots a2a697e 📦 deps(skills): sync thirdparty skills 9df610a 🐛 fix(thirdparty): exclude duplicated superpowers skills 33dd5bb 🐛 fix(thirdparty): preserve optional manifest fields 91b0ea7 🐛 fix(thirdparty): preserve manifest during snapshot update 2e26f98 🔧 chore(thirdparty): generalize skills sync pipeline 5b9c1e3 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 2f2d34a 📝 docs(readme): normalize subtree command spacing 62db7db 🐛 fix(ci): serialize superpowers update and sync 3463223 🐛 fix(ci): use literal superpowers sync paths 48f6de8 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 4b23529 🔧 chore(ci): merge superpowers update and sync workflow a56d75b 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 84bcefa 🔧 chore(ci): use ci[bot] commit author name 00a07e5 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 7b84daf 🐛 fix(templates): enforce main loop progress tracking 51373d7 🔧 chore(ci): automate superpowers sync workflow eaaa39c 🐛 fix(ci): prevent stale superpowers sync from restoring skills block 79755c6 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 836d878 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 8216c9f 📦 deps(skills): sync superpowers 9439505 🐛 fix(playbook): address reported repo issues git-subtree-dir: docs/standards/playbook git-subtree-split: 25d895d8b3f56624ccfe99ad7289e9eb49e0f316
168 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
168 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
# Set Operations
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文档类型:语法主线
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是否可直接用于生成代码:是
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是否含已验证可执行示例:是
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是否含已验证反例:是
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遇到不确定时跳转到:[14_resultset_and_filters.md](14_resultset_and_filters.md)、[13_matrix_and_collections.md](13_matrix_and_collections.md)、[12_pitfalls.md](12_pitfalls.md)
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手册位置:第 25 篇,共 32 篇。上一篇:[24_builtin_runtime_objects.md](24_builtin_runtime_objects.md)。下一篇:[26_matrix_deep_dive.md](26_matrix_deep_dive.md)。
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这一篇只讲集合运算本身:`in`、`sqlin`、`union2`、`intersect`、`minus`、`outersect`。它和 [14_resultset_and_filters.md](14_resultset_and_filters.md) 的分工很明确: 这一篇讲“去重后的集合关系”,过滤页讲“按原结果集逐行保留或排除”。
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## 这一篇解决什么问题
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回答“某个元素是否在数组里、某组元素是否构成子集、某一行是否存在于结果集中,以及两个结果集如何做并集、交集、差集和对称差集”。
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## 必须记住的规则
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- `in` / `not in` 处理的是元素存在关系,以及左侧为数组时的子集关系。
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- `sqlin` / `not sqlin` 处理的是行存在关系;左侧要当成一整行去匹配右侧结果集。
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- `union2`、`intersect`、`minus`、`outersect` 都按“行”运算,而不是按单元格逐个运算。
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- 当前解释器支持 `not in` 和 `not sqlin` 这种否定写法。
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- 集合运算结果会折叠重复行;如果需求是保留重复记录,不要用这一篇的算符,改看 [14_resultset_and_filters.md](14_resultset_and_filters.md)。
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- 当数据本身就是一维数组时,按行集合运算和按元素集合运算是一致的。
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## 已验证语法
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### `in` 与 `not in`
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`in` 既可以判断单个元素是否存在,也可以判断左侧数组是否是右侧结果集的子集:
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代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
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```tsl
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program test;
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begin
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WriteLn(1 in array(1, 2, 2));
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WriteLn(1 in array(0, 2));
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WriteLn(1 in array((1), (2)));
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WriteLn(array(1, 2) in array(1, 2, 3, 4));
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WriteLn(array(1, 3) in array((1, 2), (3, 4)));
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WriteLn(array(1, 2) in array(1));
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WriteLn(1 not in array(0, 2));
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end.
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```
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已验证运行结果:
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- `1 in array(1, 2, 2)` 输出 `1`
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- `1 in array(0, 2)` 输出 `0`
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- `1 in array((1), (2))` 输出 `1`
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- `array(1, 2) in array(1, 2, 3, 4)` 输出 `1`
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- `array(1, 3) in array((1, 2), (3, 4))` 输出 `1`
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- `array(1, 2) in array(1)` 输出 `0`
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- `1 not in array(0, 2)` 输出 `1`
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### `sqlin` 与 `not sqlin`
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`sqlin` 改成按整行判断左侧是否存在于右侧结果集中:
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代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
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```tsl
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program test;
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begin
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WriteLn(1 sqlin array(1, 2));
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WriteLn(array(1, 2) sqlin array(1, 2, 3));
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WriteLn(array(1, 2) sqlin array((1, 2), (3, 4)));
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WriteLn(array(5, 6) not sqlin array((1, 2), (3, 4)));
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end.
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```
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已验证运行结果:
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- `1 sqlin array(1, 2)` 输出 `1`
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- `array(1, 2) sqlin array(1, 2, 3)` 输出 `0`
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- `array(1, 2) sqlin array((1, 2), (3, 4))` 输出 `1`
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- `array(5, 6) not sqlin array((1, 2), (3, 4))` 输出 `1`
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可以把两者的差异直接记成一句话:
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- `in` 看元素或子集
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- `sqlin` 看整行
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### 行集合的并、交、差、对称差
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下面这组最小例子同时验证了“按行运算”和“结果会折叠重复行”:
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代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
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```tsl
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program test;
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begin
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A := array((1, 2), (1, 2), (2, 3));
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B := array((1, 2), (3, 4));
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U := A union2 B;
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I := A intersect B;
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M := A minus B;
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O := A outersect B;
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end.
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```
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已验证运行结果:
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- `A union2 B` 共有三行:`(1,2)`、`(2,3)`、`(3,4)`
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- `A intersect B` 只有一行:`(1,2)`
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- `A minus B` 只有一行:`(2,3)`
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- `A outersect B` 有两行:`(2,3)`、`(3,4)`
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- `A` 原本有两行相同的 `(1,2)`,但 `union2` / `intersect` 的结果都只保留一份,说明集合运算会折叠重复行
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如果你需要看更大的四列结果集例子,当前解释器下也已经实测过:
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- `array((1,2,3,4),(2,3,4,5),(1,1,1,1)) union2 array((1,2,3,4),(3,4,5,6),(2,2,2,2))`
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返回 `array((1,2,3,4),(2,3,4,5),(1,1,1,1),(3,4,5,6),(2,2,2,2))`
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- 同一组输入下:
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`intersect` 返回 `array((1,2,3,4))`
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- 同一组输入下:
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`minus` 返回 `array((2,3,4,5),(1,1,1,1))`
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- 同一组输入下:
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`outersect` 返回 `array((2,3,4,5),(1,1,1,1),(3,4,5,6),(2,2,2,2))`
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## 和过滤运算的区别
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- 集合运算先把数据当成“行集合”来看,再做包含、并交差。
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- 过滤运算先保留“原结果集里的每一条命中记录”;因此重复行会保留下来。
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- 你要的是“集合关系”,看这一篇。
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- 你要的是“从原表里筛出哪些行”,看 [14_resultset_and_filters.md](14_resultset_and_filters.md)。
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## 最小可编译示例
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如果你只想先记住最短写法,从这里开始:
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代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
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```tsl
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Matched := 1 in array(1, 2, 3);
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```
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## 常见误写
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- 把 `in` 和 `sqlin` 当成同一个概念。
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- 期待 `union2` 保留重复行。
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- 用集合运算去做“保留原始重复记录”的过滤任务。
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- 把二维结果集默认当成“按元素逐个比较”的集合运算。
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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Matched := array(1, 2) in array((1, 2), (3, 4));
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```
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上面这类写法不要直接理解成“左边这一整行是否存在于右边”。当前手册里,整行存在判断统一写成 `sqlin`,避免把 `in` 的子集语义和行匹配语义混在一起。
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代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
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```text
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OnlyLeft := A minus B;
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```
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如果你的任务要求保留 `A` 里重复出现的命中次数,上面这种集合差集就不是合适工具,因为它会把结果当成集合而不是原始记录流。
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## 跳转指引
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- 回看表达式和逻辑运算:见 [07_expressions_and_operators.md](07_expressions_and_operators.md)
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- 看数组、嵌套数组和子矩阵:见 [13_matrix_and_collections.md](13_matrix_and_collections.md)
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- 看结果集过滤:见 [14_resultset_and_filters.md](14_resultset_and_filters.md)
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- 进入矩阵深水专题:见 [26_matrix_deep_dive.md](26_matrix_deep_dive.md)
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