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tsl-devkit/docs/tsl/syntax/26_matrix_deep_dive.md
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c8d6bf2 🐛 fix(playbook): use relative paths in CLAUDE.md when not at project root
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# Matrix Deep Dive
文档类型:语法主线
是否可直接用于生成代码:是
是否含已验证可执行示例:是
是否含已验证反例:是
遇到不确定时跳转到:[13_matrix_and_collections.md](13_matrix_and_collections.md)、[27_fmarray.md](27_fmarray.md)、[25_set_operations.md](25_set_operations.md)
手册位置:第 26 篇,共 32 篇。上一篇:[25_set_operations.md](25_set_operations.md)。下一篇:[27_fmarray.md](27_fmarray.md)。
这一篇开始讲真正的矩阵语法主干:矩阵初始化、数列构造,以及怎样读取矩阵的行列大小和索引。它和 [13_matrix_and_collections.md](13_matrix_and_collections.md) 的分工是:`13` 只讲数组与矩阵样数据,这一篇开始讲矩阵专用构造与大小接口。
## 这一篇解决什么问题
回答“怎样直接构造全零矩阵、全一矩阵、随机矩阵、单位矩阵、空矩阵和数列数组,以及怎样拿到矩阵的行数、列数、行索引和列索引”。
## 必须记住的规则
- `Zeros(...)``Ones(...)``Rand(...)``Nils(...)``Eye(...)` 都可以直接用于矩阵初始化。
- `Zeros(3)``Ones(3)``Nils(2)` 这类单参数写法可以直接生成一维结果。
- `Zeros(2, 3)``Rand(2, 3)` 这类双参数写法可以直接生成二维矩阵。
- `Zeros(2, array("A", "B"))` 这种写法可以直接生成带列名的二维结果。
- `Eye(3)` 生成的是 `3 x 3` 单位矩阵,不是一维数组。
- `->` 用来生成数列;默认步长是 `1`,也可以显式传入步长和索引数组。
- `MSize(A)` 返回 `array(行数, 列数)`
- `MSize(A, 1)` 返回行索引数组和列索引数组。
- `MRows(A)` / `MCols(A)` 默认返回数量;第二个参数写成 `1` 时返回索引数组。
## 已验证语法
### 矩阵初始化
代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
```tsl
program test;
begin
Z1 := Zeros(3);
Z2 := Zeros(2, 3);
O1 := Ones(3);
N1 := Nils(2);
E1 := Eye(3);
R1 := Rand(2, 3);
T1 := Zeros(2, array("A", "B"));
end.
```
已验证运行结果:
- `Zeros(3)` 的长度是 `3`,前三个元素依次是 `0``0``0`
- `Zeros(2, 3)` 的行数是 `2`、列数是 `3`,第一行前三个元素是 `0``0``0`
- `Ones(3)` 的前三个元素依次是 `1``1``1`
- `Nils(2)` 已验证可直接生成长度为 `2` 的结果
- `Eye(3)` 的行数是 `3`、列数是 `3`,并且 `(0,0)``(1,1)``(2,2)``1``(0,1)``(1,0)``0`
- `Rand(2, 3)` 的行数是 `2`、列数是 `3`
- `Zeros(2, array("A", "B"))` 的行数是 `2`、列数是 `2`,并且 `T1[0]["A"]``T1[0]["B"]``T1[1]["A"]``T1[1]["B"]` 都是 `0`
### `->` 数列数组初始化
默认步长为 `1`
代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
```tsl
program test;
begin
S1 := 1 -> 5;
end.
```
已验证运行结果:
- `S1``array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)`
显式指定步长:
代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
```tsl
program test;
begin
S2 := array(2.5, 0.5) -> 5;
end.
```
已验证运行结果:
- `S2` 的长度是 `6`
- 六个元素依次是 `2.5``3``3.5``4``4.5``5`
显式指定索引数组:
代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
```tsl
program test;
begin
S3 := array(0, 1, array("A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F")) -> 5;
end.
```
已验证运行结果:
- `S3` 的长度是 `6`
- `S3["A"]``S3["F"]` 依次是 `0``1``2``3``4``5`
### `MSize`、`MRows`、`MCols`
代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
```tsl
program test;
begin
A := array(
("A": 1, "B": 2),
("A": 11, "B": 22),
("A": 21, "B": 32)
);
SizeInfo := MSize(A);
SizeIndex := MSize(A, 1);
RowCount := MRows(A);
RowIndex := MRows(A, 1);
ColCount := MCols(A);
ColIndex := MCols(A, 1);
end.
```
已验证运行结果:
- `MSize(A)` 返回 `array(3, 2)`
- `MSize(A, 1)` 的第一项是 `array(0, 1, 2)`,第二项是 `array("A", "B")`
- `MRows(A)` 返回 `3`
- `MRows(A, 1)` 返回 `array(0, 1, 2)`
- `MCols(A)` 返回 `2`
- `MCols(A, 1)` 返回 `array("A", "B")`
## 最小可编译示例
如果你只想先记住最短矩阵构造,从这个开始:
代码块身份:已验证可执行示例
```tsl
M := Zeros(2, 3);
```
## 常见误写
-`Eye(3)` 当成一维数组。
- 以为 `MRows(A, 1)``MCols(A, 1)` 返回的还是数量。
- 写带步长的 `->` 时,漏掉外层 `array(...)`
- 还在普通数组页里硬塞矩阵专用大小接口。
代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
```text
S := 2.5, 0.5 -> 5;
```
上面这种写法不对。显式步长模式需要写成 `array(2.5, 0.5) -> 5`
代码块身份:反例 / 不可照写
```text
Cols := MCols(A, 1);
```
不要把上面这一句的返回值当成数字 `2`。当前解释器下,`MCols(A, 1)` 返回的是列索引数组,例如 `array("A", "B")`
## 跳转指引
- 回看数组与嵌套数组:见 [13_matrix_and_collections.md](13_matrix_and_collections.md)
- 看结果集过滤:见 [14_resultset_and_filters.md](14_resultset_and_filters.md)
- 看集合运算:见 [25_set_operations.md](25_set_operations.md)
- 进入 `FMArray`:见 [27_fmarray.md](27_fmarray.md)